From ancient times until now have existed four generations. It occurs in about 40 years.
FIRST GENERATION (1951 - 1958)
In 1937-1938 Dr. John V.Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry has been designing and building the first digital electronic computer. Computer is called the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer). While John W.Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert has created ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) in 1945. ENIAC could do 5000 mixing and multiplication sertiap 300 seconds. 2 years later they had set up a company called Spery Rand and flushing UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) in 1951. UNIVAC I was the first computer used for commercial data processing. It is widely used by the U.S. Census Bureau. UNIVAC I work using vacuum tubes / vacuum as the computer's internal components to process and store information. It uses electrical energy, size and weight. This computer is also very difficult to be maintained and frequently were damaged. Programming is done in machine language, 0 & 1 (low level language). Storage capacity of the computer on the first generation is between 8000 to 20000 characters. Meanwhile, the calculation was carried out in "microseconds".
SECOND GENERATION (1959 - 1961)
This generation computers use transistors and diodes of small devices that transfer electrical signals through the resistor to replace vacuum tubes / vacuum . Transistor is short for transfer resistor . Examples of computer created is DEC PDP-8 , IBM 7090 , IBM 7094 and others. Advantages of transistors it can works better than the first generation computers using vacuum tubes. This generation of computer size smaller, lighter, faster, and cheaper and do not need warm-up time. Use less electricity when compared with the first generation of computers. Programming is done in a high level language, namely FORTRAN (1954) and COBOL (1959). Meanwhile, continue to increase their storage capacity of 16,000 to 64,000 characters and it uses containers that can be moved disks (removable disk cartridge). Computations performed in "microseconds".
THIRD GENERATION (1965 - 1970)
Computers in this generation exploited integrated circuit of electrical circuits containing silicon chips are very small to replace the transistor. Prices are cheap chips cause the rapid development of electronic devices and falling tools. This computer features an integrated circuit that contains the electrical circuits yanf very small silicon chip consisting of thousands of transistors. This chip is cheaper, denser and more reliable. Examples of computer created is the IBM 360 and the microcomputer as APPLE II , IBM PC , Sinclair and others. Size of the computer to be 1/3 smaller than the first generation of computers. It can also adopt the concept of multiprogramming and multiprocessing which seem to run several programs simultaneously and share the same resources and this increases the effectiveness of the computer. Calculation process performed in "nanoseconds". Processing interactive introduced where users communicate directly with a computer. Method of achieving this result in the customer service industry grow. Minicomputers introduced which functions the same as "full size system" but it is much smaller, slower and cheaper.
FOURTH GENERATION (1971 - Present)
Since the late 1970s increased computer speed and reliability. Fourth generation is an extension of the third generation where the third generation chips used to build memory and computer ligik. All chip retained to develop the next technology of general-purpose-on-a-chip called the microprocessor (microprocessor). Microprocessor replace integrated circuits . Microprocessors are also available in digital clock, calculator, and various machines in the office and at home. Microprocessor go on sale in 1971. Examples of computers on this generation is from IBM which uses Intel 80286 chip, chip Intel 80386, Intel 80486 chip (containing 1.2 million transistors, measuring 0.4 "x 0.5" and are capable of carrying 15 million instructions per second). chip Intel Pentium (containing 3.1 million transistors that are capable of performing 112 million instructions per second). chip Intel Pentium Pro (contains 5.5 million transistors that are capable of performing 250 million instructions per second) . chip Intel Pentium Pro MMX , Cyrix , AMD , Pentium II and others. Among the features found on the computer of this generation is a smaller size, minimum use of energy. It can be used in conjunction with a number of programming languages. Their storage capabilities continue to increase to 1 million to 50 million characters and calculations performed in "picoseconds" computer size now is 100 times smaller than the size of the first generation of computers and a chip is more powerful than ENIAC.
FIFTH GENERATION
The fifth generation of computing for the next generation of computers is still not widely introduced. But their efforts to have been initiated by some developed countries. It is also still in the research stage, in which Japan is the country most research. Their goal is to build a more powerful computer and artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence), expert systems (expert systems), robotics and so on. Hardware Size will continue to become smaller while its internal memory continues to increase rapidly.
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